Boxing, weightlifting and modern pentathlon have all been left out of the initial programme for the 2028 Olympics in Los Angeles.

The three events have been removed over concerns surrounding issues within the sports, with an independent investigation last year uncovering a system to manipulate the outcome of boxing bouts at Rio 2016.

Meanwhile, a replacement for showjumping in the modern pentathlon is yet to be confirmed, while a history of doping in weightlifting has also factored into the IOC's decision.

Skateboarding, surfing and sport climbing have been provisionally included in the programme, with LA 2028 chair Casey Wasserman seeking to bring a sense of "youthful energy" to the Games.

"The LA28 Games have always been about bringing more freshness, youthful energy and creativity into the Olympic and Paralympic movement," Wasserman said in a statement, as quoted by Inside the Games.

"Los Angeles is a place unlike any other and it will be incredible to host surfing, skateboarding and climbing as iconic West Coast sports alongside Olympic fan favourites."

Federations for boxing, weightlifting and modern pentathlon have until next year to demonstrate that they have addressed their issues, at which point the three sports could then be added to the programme.